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The objective of this work was to evaluate the anti-fatigue efficacy of Astragali Radix (AR) from the Shanxi Hengshan area and to reveal possible mechanisms by which it relieves fatigue. Efficacy differences between Guangling (GL) and Hunyuan (HY) AR preparations were compared and evaluated, and an 1H NMR metabolomic technique combined with statistical methods was used to identify the metabolites in different groups of mouse gastrocnemius muscle tissues. The differential metabolites after AR treatments were identified according to VIP and P values and the upstream targets were predicted with the help of Metscape. Cytoscape software was utilized to construct a network map of AR potential anti-fatigue targets. Key differential metabolites were identified based on shared targets and entered into the Metaboanalyst website for pathway enrichment analysis, which led to the preliminary elucidation of the molecular mechanisms. The results showed that intervention with AR can significantly improve the swimming-to-exhaustion time, increase liver glycogen, and reduce urea-nitrogen levels in mice. The difference between GL and HY ARs was relatively small, indicating that the quality of AR produced in the Hengshan area is consistent and stable. The metabolic fingerprints of mouse gastrocnemius muscle tissue extracts were composed of 34 metabolites, and the statistical results showed that 19 differential metabolites were significantly reversed after the Hengshan AR intervention. We found that the anti-fatigue effects of AR in the Shanxi Hengshan area were mainly associated with taurine and hypotaurine metabolism through regulation of GAD1, based on network pharmacological analysis. In conclusion, 1H NMR metabolomic techniques were combined with network pharmacology to compare and evaluate the quality of Hengshan ARs, and further associate the fatigue relieve with the regulation of taurine metabolism. This provides a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of Hengshan ARs and the development of anti-fatigue-related products. The animal experiments in this study followed the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi University and passed the ethical review of animal experiments (Approval No. SXULL2021028).
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Objective:To analyze the correlation between the muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) of the medial head of gastrocnemius and muscle mass, strength and functional parameters, and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MT and EI for decreased muscle mass.Methods:Fifty-two subjects who visited the Department of Ultrasound Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from March to December 2021 were collected.MT of the medial head of gastrocnemius was measured by two-dimensional ultrasound, and EI values in the region of interest were analyzed using Image J software. Twenty of the subjects were selected to assess the intra-observer and inter-observer agreements in measuring MT and EI values using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Altman-Bland analysis was performed. The subjects were divided into healthy control group (30 cases) and decreased muscle mass group (22 cases) according to 2019 Asian Sarcopenia Working Group (AWGS) diagnostic criteria, the differences in MT and EI values between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between MT, EI values and muscle mass, strength, function were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The diagnostic cutoff values of MT and EI values for decreased muscle mass were obtained using ROC curves, and the diagnostic efficacy was compared.Results:①The ICC of MT and EI in medial head of gastrocnemius detected by the same physician and different physicians were greater than 0.97, and the retest reliability was good. ②Compared with the healthy control group, the MT value in medial head of gastrocnemius decreased and the EI value increased in the decreased muscle mass group ( t=4.759, -3.789; all P<0.001). ③The MT value in medial head of gastrocnemius was positively correlated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), lower limb skeletal muscle mass (LLSM), grip strength, and gait speed ( r=0.579, 0.568, 0.585, 0.495, 0.415; all P<0.001), of which, the correlation with LLSM was the best; ④EI in medial head of gastrocnemius was negatively correlated with ASM and ASMI, LLSM, grip strength, and gait speed, ( r=-0.583, -0.591, -0.590, -0.537, -0.455; all P<0.001), and among which the correlation with ASMI was the best. ⑤The medial head of gastrocnemius MT and EI were 14.33 mm and 58.85 for predicting decreased muscle mass, respectively, and there was no significant difference in the diagnostic performance of the two for decreased muscle mass ( Z=0.734 3, P>0.05). Conclusions:The MT and EI values of the medial head of gastrocnemius can accurately assess muscle mass and can be used in the evaluation of patients with decreased muscle mass.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficiency of gastrocnemius muscle flap combined with antibiotics loaded calcium sulfate in the treatment of postoperative infection and plate exposure of tibial plateau fracture in elderly patients.Methods:From January, 2015 to May, 2019, 21 elderly patients with postoperative infection and plate exposure of tibial plateau fracture were treated, including 14 males and 7 females with an average age of 72.6 years, ranging from 61 to 82 years. The average course of disease was 22.7 days, ranging from 6 to 91 days. The site of wound infection was at medial in 8 cases, lateral in 9 cases and bilateral in 4 cases. The size of wound ranged from 2.0 cm×3.5 cm to 5.0 cm×12.0 cm. All wounds were implanted with antibiotics loaded calcium sulfate and repaired by gastrocnemius muscle flap combined with skin graft after debridement. Muscle flap survival, wound healing, inflammatory index, fracture healing and knee joint function were recorded. The curative effect was evaluated by McKee infection treatment criteria and the knee joint function was evaluated by HSS scoring criteria.Results:All 21 muscle flaps survived. In 1 case, skin graft necrosis occurred in a small area, and the wound healed well after dressing change. One case had exudation which was clear and the bacterial culturing was negative, and the wound healed after 2 weeks of dressing change. The other incisions were healed in stage I, and the healing rate was 90%. All patients were followed-up for an average of 28.7(16-39) months. The redness and swelling occurred in 1 case without exudation after 2 months which disappeared after anti-infection treatment and didn't recur again. The infection recurred in 1 case after 5 months, and it which was controlled after debridement and plate removal. According to McKee criteria, 19 cases were cured, 1 improved and 1 recurred with an effective rate of 95.2%. The fracture healing time was from 3 to 7 months, with an average of 4.6 months. According to HSS scoring criteria, the knee joint function was excellent in 12 cases, good in 7 cases and moderate in 2 cases.Conclusion:After thorough debridement, gastrocnemius muscle flap combined with antibiotic loaded calcium sulfate can effectively control the infection, repair the wound, promote fracture union and restore limb function in the treatment of postoperative infection and plate exposure of tibial plateau fracture in elderly patients.
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Honey is a natural antioxidant that its protective effects have been proven against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Persian Honey, Apis mellifera meda skorikov, on gastrocnemius muscle IR injury. Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were used. They were divided into ten groups (N=8 per group). The ischemia was conducted with a silk suture 6-0 using the slipknot technique. All groups were rendered in ischemic for 3 h, and reperfused for various times of 3 days (3-day reperfusion), 7 days (7-day reperfusion), 14 days (14-day reperfusion), and 28 days (28-day reperfusion). Half of the groups had experimental honey (5 %) treatment immediately after ischemia. After reperfusion, the rats, based on the grouping, were killed with high doses of anesthetic, and the gastrocnemius muscles were removed and fixed. After the tissue processing, the evaluation of edema and mast cells infiltration was performed with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining, respectively. TNF-α was detected with immunohistochemistry method. The amount of TNF-α as an index of acute inflammatory except the 3rd day significantly decreased on the other day of reperfusion (7th, 147th and 287th days). The mast cells infiltration was significantly decreased on 77th and 147th days. The tissue edema was decreased significantly in honey administrated group in the comparison with placebo groups. Honey administration can reduce damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in the rat gastrocnemius muscle.
La miel es un antioxidante natural; sus efectos protectores han sido probados contra la lesión por isquemiareperfusión (IR). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de mejora de la miel persa Apis mellifera meda skorikov, en la lesión por IR del músculo gastrocnemio. Se utilizaron 80 ratas Sprague-Dawley macho adultas con un peso entre 250 y 300 g divididas en diez grupos (N = 8 por grupo). La isquemia se realizó con una sutura de seda 6-0 utilizando la técnica slipknot permaneciendo isquémicos durante 3 h. La reperfusión se realizó durante varios tiempos de 3 días, 7 días (reperfusión de 7 días), 14 días (reperfusión de 14 días) y 28 días (28 días reperfusión). La mitad de los grupos recibió tratamiento experimental con miel (5 %) inmediatamente después de la isquemia. Después de la reperfusión, las ratas, fueron sacrificadas con altas dosis de anestésico, y los músculos gastrocnemios fueron removidos y fijados. Después de procesar el tejido, se realizó la evaluación del edema y la infiltración de mastocitos se realizó con tinción de hematoxilina-eosina y azul de toluidina, respectivamente. TNF-α se detectó con el método de inmunohistoquímica. La cantidad de TNF-α como índice de inflamación inflamatoria aguda, excepto en el tercer día, disminuyó significativamente al día siguiente de la reperfusión (7, 14 y 28 días). La infiltración de mastocitos disminuyó significativamente a los 7 y 14 días. El edema tisular disminuyó significativamente en el grupo administrado con miel en comparación con los grupos placebo. El tratamiento con miel puede reducir el daño causado por la isquemia-reperfusión en el músculo gastrocnemio de la rata.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Reperfusion Injury/complications , Bees/administration & dosage , Muscle, Skeletal/injuries , Honey , Immunohistochemistry , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Bees/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Protective AgentsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Under well-controlled conditions, changes in myoelectric signal activity can largely reflect muscle changes such as muscle function, muscle tension, muscle strength, and multi-muscle coordination, providing objective analysis of the muscle function. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in surface electromyography (SEMG) of the lower limb muscles in cerebral palsy children standing or walking on tiptoes. METHODS: Using TELEMYO 2400R G2 SEMG telemeter produced by NORAXON Company in the United States, surface EMG features of bilateral anterior tibial muscles and medial gastrocnemius muscles were detected in 20 cerebral palsy children standing or walking on unilateral tiptoes. The myoelectric activity of the testicular muscles between the pointed and contralateral side was compared in all the subjects. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, and all subjects and their guardians signed an informed consent prior to the participation in the study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the subjects were standing and walking normally, the average SEMG amplitude and average SEMG integral of the medial gastrocnemius at the tiptoe side were significantly lower than those at the contralateral side (P < 0.05); the mean and median frequencies of the anterior tibial muscles and medial gastrocnemius muscles at the tiptoe side were significantly higher than those at the contralateral side (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that there are abnormal SEMG signals in the anterior tibial muscles and medial gastrocnemius muscles at the tiptoe side in children with cerebral palsy, and the muscle activity of the lower limbs in such children is not balanced. Therefore, SEMG is of practical value in evaluating the functional status of the neuromuscular system in children with cerebral palsy.
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BACKGROUND: Microscopic surgery or some adjuvant treatments can neither effectively delay nor treat denervated muscle atrophy by repairing damaged nerve cells. Studies have found that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential for directional differentiation and repair damaged tissues under certain environmental factors. It is speculated that the cells can play a certain role in repairing denervated atrophic muscles. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can alleviate and retard atrophy of denervated muscles. METHODS: Primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats, and passage 3 cells were labeled by BrdU for cell transplantation. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups, 10 rats in each group. In the sham operation group, only the main trunk of the sciatic nerve was exposed but not clamped. In the treatment group, the main trunk of the sciatic nerve was clamped and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension was injected into the gastrocnemius muscle. In the control group, after the sciatic nerve trunk was clamped, the gastrocnemius muscle innervated by the sciatic nerve was injected with DMEM medium of equal volume (without cells and fetal bovine serum). Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores were used to evaluate the motor function of the rat’s left hindlimb at 1 and 2 weeks after cell transplantation. Changes in the gastrocnemius muscle fibers were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and BrdU immunohistochemical staining at 14 days after cell transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were positive for BrdU. The labeled cells could survive in and repair the denervated muscle tissue in the treatment group. Compared with the model group, the denervated muscle fibers of the treatment group recovered from mutual fusion and re-arranged regularly. To conclude, transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can alleviate and retard atrophy of denervated muscles.
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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the immediate effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and body acupuncture (BA) on gastrocnemius muscle tone in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).@*METHODS@#Children with spastic CP, age from 24 to 60 months, who all received rehabilitation treatment in the Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University from April 2016 to May 2017 were enrolled in this trial and assigned to EA group and BA group through a random number table. Both EA and BA therapies were performed on acupoints of Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), and Xuanzhong (GB 39) for 30 min once. The root mean square (RMS), integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of the gastrocnemius of surface electromyography (sEMG), and Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) of the two groups were evaluated before and after treatment. All adverse events were accurately recorded.@*RESULTS@#Thirty-six children with spastic CP completed the study (18 cases and 32 legs in the EA group; 18 cases and 31 legs in the BA group). There was no significant difference in RMS, iEMG and MTS between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, compared with before treatment, RMS and iEMG significantly reduced and MTS (R2-R1) significantly increased in both EA and BA groups (P0.05). There was no serious adverse event during this clinical trial.@*CONCLUSION@#Both EA and BA could significantly relieve the gastrocnemius muscle tone in spastic CP, and EA was more effective than BA. (Registration No. ChiCTRONC-15007633).
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BACKGROUND: Tensiomyography (TMG) is a relatively new technique that assesses the contractile properties of muscles in response to a single electrical stimulus. This study aimed to evaluate the contractile properties of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in amateur soccer players using TMG. METHODS: We recruited 41 male soccer players (high school group, n=21; college group, n=20). The gastrocnemius medialis (GM), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), and TA muscles of both lower extremities were assessed using TMG. The maximal displacement (Dm), delay time, contraction time (Tc), sustained time, and half-relaxation time were obtained and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: First, both groups showed low Dm for the GM and TA muscles, which indicated high stiffness of the muscle tone. Second, the Tc and contraction velocity (Vc) were high for all muscles, except for the GL showing lower speed than the other muscles, which represented the sports-specific characteristics of the soccer players. Third, there were no significant differences in the measurement variables between the dominant and non-dominant sides, except for the Tc of the GM in high school athletes and Vc of the TA in college athletes. CONCLUSIONS: These results reflected the sports-specific needs and characteristics of soccer players. A risk of injury is associated with a high degree of stiffness, and various methods for preventing it should be considered.
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Humans , Male , Athletes , Elasticity Imaging Techniques , Lower Extremity , Muscle Contraction , Muscle, Skeletal , Muscles , SoccerABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the clinical effect of double blood supply composite tissue flap with peroneal artery perforator and sural nerve nutrient vessel carrying gastrocnemius muscle in repairing lacunar skin and soft tissue defect of ankle.@*Methods@#From September 2015 to September 2017, 10 patients with lacunar skin and soft tissue defects of ankle were hospitalized in our unit, including 7 males and 3 females, aged 17-62 years, 8 traffic accident injuries and 2 heavy body pressure injuries. After debridement, the wound area ranged from 7 cm×4 cm to 15 cm×9 cm, and the lacunar area ranged from 3.0 cm×2.0 cm×1.0 cm to 7.0 cm×4.0 cm×2.0 cm. The defect was repaired with island composite tissue flap with peroneal artery perforator and sural nerve nutrient vessel and partial gastrocnemius muscle at stage Ⅰ. The area of flaps ranged from 8 cm×5 cm to 16 cm×10 cm, and the area of gastrocnemius muscle flaps ranged from 4 cm×3 cm to 8 cm×5 cm. The donor site was repaired with ipsilateral thigh intermediate split-thickness skin graft or sutured directly. The location of vascular pedicle, survival of tissue flap, follow-up, and occurrence of complications were recorded.@*Results@#The vascular pedicle of this group of cases was located 5-15 cm above the lateral malleolus. The tissue flaps of 10 patients survived completely after operation at stage Ⅰ. Follow-up for 1-12 months showed that the area repaired with tissue flaps had good color, blood supply, and texture, without ulceration, and recovered different degrees of pain sensation and deep tactile sensation, and no short-term or long-term complications occurred.@*Conclusions@#The double blood supply composite tissue flap with peroneal artery perforator and sural nerve nutrient vessel carrying gastrocnemius muscle has good blood supply, which can effectively fill the invalid space in repairing lacunar skin and soft tissue defect of ankle, with good effect after operation, and it is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective To evaluate the imaging features of MRI of tennis legs and to explore the pathogenesis of tennis legs. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the MRI images of 38 patients with tennis legs which met the criteria and were clinically diagnosed in our hospital from May 2014 to June 2018. All patients underwent non?enhanced MRI. Coronal T1WI、T2WI fast spin echo (TSE) and transverse proton density weighted imaging (PDWI) were performed. The signs of fluid collection between gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and soleus muscle (SM),muscle and tendon injuries, superficial vein dilatation of calf were observed and recorded. Results Coronal T1WI, T2WI TSE and transverse PDWI sequences showed 30 (75.0%) places fluid collection (hematoma or effusion) between medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (MCM) and SM, 11 (27.5%) places fluid collection (hematoma or effusion) between lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle(LGM)and SM,7 (17.5%) places fluid collection (hematoma or effusion) in MGM and 2 (5.0%) placesin SM. There were 17 (42.5%) places that hematoma or effusion spread around the fascia of the lower leg. The diameter and thickness of hematoma or effusion are about 1.7-22.3 cm and 0.2-3.5 cm, respectively. Rupture of the GM was seen in 37 (92.5%) places,including 37 places rupture of the MGM at the myotendinous junction, 15 places rupture of the LGM at the myotendinous junction, 24 places tendonrupture of MGM,3 places tendon rupture of MGM and LGM,and 2 places tendon rupture of LGM. The maximum diameter of tendon rupture was 1.2-27.0 mm. The muscle rupture of MGM was seen in one place, and muscle rupture of MGM and LGM was seen in one place at the same time. Rupture of the SM was seen in 15 (37.5%) places, including 15 places rupture of the SM at the myotendinous junction, 2 places muscle rupture of SM, 6 places tendonrupture of SM. The maximum diameter of tendon rupture was 2.5-14.9 mm. Rupture of plantaris tendon (PT) was seen in 4 (10.0%) places. Superficial vein dilatation was seen in 3 (7.5%) places. Conclusion This study shows that the rupture of the MGM at the myotendinous junction and the tendon is the main responsibility of tennis leg.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on muscular atrophy and expression of microRNAs (Mir-1, Mir-133a, Mir-133b) and some proliferation-related factors of muscle satellite cells as histone deacetylase4 (HDAC4) and the paired box transcription factor Pax7 (Pax7) in skeletal muscle atrophy rats. METHODS: Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into sham operation, model and EA groups. The skeletal muscle atrophy model was established by transection of the right sciatic nerve. EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to the right "Zusanli"(ST36) and "Huantiao"(GB30) for 10 min, once a day, seven times a week for 2 weeks. The wet weight of bilateral gastrocnemius muscles was measured to calculate the ratio of weight between the affected gastrocnemius muscle and healthy gastrocnemius muscle. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastrocnemius muscle on the affected side was measured after H.E. staining. The expression levels of Mir-1, Mir-133a, Mir-133b, HDAC4 mRNA and Pax7 mRNA in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue were detected using quantitative real time-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, the ratio of wet weight and CSA of the gastrocnemius muscle, and the expression levels of Mir-1 and Mir-133a were significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the expression levels of HDAC4 mRNA and Mir-133b significantly up-regulated in the model group (P<0.05). Following EA intervention, the decreased levels of the ratio of wet weight and CSA of the gastrocnemius muscle were significantly suppressed (P<0.01), suggesting an inhibition of the skeletal muscle atrophy, and the expression levels of Pax7 and HDAC4 mRNAs were notably up-regulated (P<0.05), and those of Mir-1, Mir-133a and Mir-133b were significantly or further significantly down-regulated relevant to the model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: EA intervention can delay muscular atrophy in rats with denervated gastrocnemius muscle, which may be related with its function in up-regulating the expression of Pax7 and HDAC4 mRNAs and down-regulating the expression of Mir-1, Mir-133a and Mir-133b.
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Objective To discuss the treatment of tibial plateau posterior column fractures via the posteromedial approach which dissects the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle.Methods From July 2013 to September 2016,7 patients were treated at Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma,The First Affiliated Hospital to Dalian Medical University by surgery via the posteromedial approach dissecting the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle for tibial plateau posterior column fractures.They were 6 men and one woman,aged from 38 to 61 years (49.3 years on average).According to AO/OTA classification,4 cases belonged to type 41-B3.3,one to type 41-B3.1,one to type 41-C3.3 and one to type 41-C3.1.According to the three-column classification,3 cases were categorized into three-column fracture,2 cases into fracture of both medial and posterior columns,and 2 cases into simple posterior column fracture.Of the posterior column fractures,5 had the medial posterior column split and the lateral column collapsed,and 2 had the medial posterior column split.According to Schatzker classification,5 cases were categorized into type Ⅳ,one into type Ⅴ and one into type Ⅵ.Fracture reduction was assessed according to the Rasmussen criteria postoperation.The knee function was assessed at final follow-ups using The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scoring system.The postoperative complications were documented.Results Insertion rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament was found in one case,lateral meniscus injury in 2 cases,and tibial external dislocation combined with bone fragment incarceration into the lateral femoral condyle in one case.All the lesions were repaired.All the incisions were healed at the first stage.No major neurovascular injuries were found.The 7 patients were followed up for 8 to 12 months (mean,11.4 months).Bony union was achieved in all after 12 to 16 weeks (mean,14.3 weeks).The postoperative Rasmussen reduction scores averaged 17.7 points.The average tibial plateau tilt angle was 9.5°postoperatively and 10.8° at final follow-ups;the average tibial plateau varus angle was 86.7° postoperatively and 87.3° at final follow-ups.The HSS knee scores at final follow-ups averaged 91.4 points.No significant reduction loss,implants loosening,infection or malunion was observed at final follow-ups.Conclusion The posterior medial approach which dissects the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle is a safe and practical one for treatment of tibial plateau posterior column fractures,because it can well expose the posterior column of the entire tibial plateau so that is beneficial to the anatomical reduction of the fracture and placement of implants,leading to fine short-term curative effect.
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Objective To explore the impact of gender and body mass on stiffness of the medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle. Methods Forty healthy subjects were recruited to measure the stiffness of medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius mus-cle,using a novel hand-held device MyotonPRO.The relationships between gender,weight and muscle stiffness were examined. Results The stiffness of medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle was more in males than in females(t>2.523, P<0.01),and was positively correlated with body mass(r>0.322,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the stiffness between dominant and non-dominant legs for medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle(t<0.851,P>0.05). Conclusion Gender and body mass ralate with the stiffness of medial and lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle in healthy subjects,and the stiffness of both left and right sides is symmetrical in healthy subjects.
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Objective To explore the value of real-time shear wave elastography in evaluating gastrocnemius muscle elasticity in patients with lumbar disc herniation.Methods One hundred patients with clinically diagnosed unilateral lumbar disc herniation were selected.Selective nerve root block combined with ozone ablation and pulsed radiofrequency therapy via the lateral crypt was performed.The real-time shear wave elastography was applied to detect the mean elastic modulus (Mean) and the maximum elastic modulus (Max) of bilateral tense gastrocnemius muslcs (kPa) before and after treatment.Statistical analysis was done.Results The EMean and EMax values of ipsilateral tension in gastrocnemius muscle before treatment were (11.28±2.60)kPa and (15.26±2.63)kPa,lower than those of contralateral (EMean:[16.284-5.25]kPa,EMax:[21.13±6.62]kPa;t=78.241,64.634,both P＜0.001).The EMean and EMax values of ipsilateral tension in gastrocnemius muscle after treatment were (13.18±2.38)kPa and (17.63± 2.73)kPa,higher than those before treatment (t=6.407,14.815,both P＜0.001).In different strength condition,EMean and EMax of gastrocnemius muscle before and after treatment were statistically significant (all P＜0.001).With the myodynamia increasing,EMean and EMax also increased before and after treatment.The differences between patients with any two different myodynamia were statistically different (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The muscle tissue recovery can be evaluated quantitatively by detecting EMean and EMax of tense gastrocnemius in patients with lumbar disc herniation using real-time shear wave elastography before and after treatment.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the comparative treatment effects of ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency treatment (UG-PRF) in the gastrocnemius interfascial space and ultrasound-guided interfascial injection (UG-INJ) on myofascial pain syndrome. METHODS: Forty consecutive patients with myofascial pain syndrome of the gastrocnemius were enrolled and were allocated to one of the two groups. Twenty patients were treated by UG-PRF delivered to the gastrocnemius interfascial space (UG-PRF group) and the other 20 patients were treated by interfascial injection (UG-INJ group). The primary outcome measure was the numeric rating score (NRS) for pain on pressing the tender point in the gastrocnemius, and the secondary outcome measure was health-related quality of life as determined by the Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36). NRSs were obtained at the first visit, immediately after treatment, and at 2 and 4 weeks post-treatment, and physical component summary scores (PCS) and mental component summary scores (MCS) of the SF-36 questionnaire were measured at the first visit and at 4 weeks post-treatment. RESULTS: Immediately after treatments, mean NRS in the UG-PRF group was significantly higher than that in the UG-INJ group (p<0.0001). However, at 2 and 4 weeks post-treatment, the mean NRS was significantly lower in the UG-PRF group (both p<0.0001). Similarly, at 4 weeks post-treatment, mean PCS and MCS were significantly higher in the UG-PRF group (p<0.0001 and p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Based on these results, the authors conclude that ultrasound-guided gastrocnemius interfascial PRF provides an attractive treatment for myofascial pain syndrome of the gastrocnemius.
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Humans , Muscle, Skeletal , Myofascial Pain Syndromes , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
Background: Currently available drugs are unsuccessful for the treatment of tye‑2 diabetes due to their adverseside‑effects. Hence, a search for novel drugs, especially ofplant origin, continues. Chrysin (5,7‑dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid, natural component of traditional medicinal herbs, present in honey, propolis and many plant extracts that hasbeen used in traditional medicine around the world to treat numerous ailments. Objective: The present study was aimed to identify the protective role of chrysin on the expression of insulin‑signaling molecules in the skeletal muscle of high fat and sucrose‑induced type‑2 diabetic adult male rats. Materials and Methods: The oral effective dose of chrysin (100 mg/kg body weight) was given once a day until the end of the study (30 days post‑induction of diabetes) to high fat diet‑induced diabetic rats.At the end of the experimental period, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and free radical generation, as well as the levels of insulin signaling molecules and tissue glycogen in the gastrocnemius muscle were assessed. Results: Diabetic rats showed impaired glucose tolerance and impairment in insulin signaling molecules (IR, IRS‑1, p‑IRS‑1Tyr632, p‑ AktThr308), glucose transporter subtype 4 [GLUT4] proteins and glycogen concentration. Serum insulin, lipid profile, LPO and free radical generation were found to be increased in diabetic control rats.The treatment with chrysin normalized the altered levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, LPO and insulin signaling molecules as well as GLUT4 proteins. Conclusion: Our present findings indicate that chrysin improves glycemic control through activation of insulin signal transduction in the gastrocnemius muscle of high fat and sucrose‑induced type‑2 diabetic male rats.
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Introduction Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a technique for generating high-resolution images, with frequencies from 20 MHz to 100 MHz. For example, it has been used in animal research related to models of injury and diseases that mimic human conditions. With a three-dimensional ultrasound (3D) image system, an organ can be viewed at various angles and the volume estimated, contributing to an accurate diagnosis. This work refers to the generation of 3D-UBM images, employing a 35 MHz ultrasound system, from multiple two-dimensional (2D) images. Phantoms were used to validate the technique and to determine its reliability of volume measurements. Additionally, the technique was used to obtain 3D images of the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Methods Four different phantoms were used and ten acquisition sequences of 2D-images acquired for each one. Thereafter, 5 volume segmentations were performed for each acquisition sequence, resulting in 50 measured volumes for each phantom. The physical volumes of all phantoms were used to validate the technique based on the coefficient of variation (CV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Images of the gastrocnemius muscle were acquired and the partial volume quantified. Results The CV and ICC confirmed the reliability of volume measurements obtained by segmentation. Moreover, cross-sectional 2D images of rat hindlimb were obtained, allowing to identify the gastrocnemius muscle and to partially quantify the muscle volume from 3D images. Conclusion The results indicated that the technique is valid to generate 3D images and quantify the volume of a muscle compatible with the dimensions of a small animal.
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@#Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Yinlingquan (SP9) on muscle repair in the gastrocnemius muscle damaged rats and its possible mechanism. Methods 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group (n=10), model group (n=10) and electroacupuncture group (n=10). The latter 2 groups were modeled with gastrocnemius muscle crush injury. The electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at Sanyinjiao and Yinlingquan for 14 days. Their gastrocnemius was observed with HE staining, and the expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in gastroc-nemius tissues and the serum were determined with immunochemical assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the model group, there was less damage in the electroacupuncture group, with more expression of bFGF and IGF-1 in tis-sues (P<0.01) and serum (P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture can promote muscle repair after gastrocnemius muscle damage in rats, which may be related to the increase of the bFGF and IGF-1 expression in gastrocnemius tissue and serum.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Até os anos 70, a reparação de perdas de substância na perna representava, quase sempre, um problema de solução muito difícil ou, até, insolúvel. Atualmente, embora ainda constitua um campo para os mais experientes, as áreas cruentas na perna já contam com várias técnicas confiáveis e algumas relativamente simples para sua reparação. Este trabalho visa equacionar condutas reparadoras de feridas de perna, utilizando tecidos locais. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo pela análise de casos de reconstrução de perna com retalhos locais realizados pelos autores. Foram incluídos os retalhos dermoadiposos, fasciocutâneos, fasciossubcutâneos e musculares. RESULTADOS: Foram operados 70 pacientes que possuíam áreas cruentas na perna, em consequência de fratura de tíbia, osteomielite, perda tecidual isquêmica, úlcera crônica e tumoração de pele. Os resultados foram avaliados segundo etiologia, tipo de procedimento cirúrgico e complicações. CONCLUSÕES: A opção do tratamento de áreas cruentas de membros inferiores com retalhos locais é bastante válida. A escolha do retalho vai depender de condições locais da perna e da região anatômica afetada. No terço superior da perna, utilizamos retalhos fasciocutâneos baseados na rede vascular do joelho ou retalho de gastrocnêmio. Já no médio, os principais retalhos foram o solear e o fasciossubcutâneo de panturrilha. E, por fim, no inferior, o principal retalho usado foi o fasciossubcutâneo de panturrilha.
INTRODUCTION: Until the 70s, repairing loss of tissue in the leg was almost always difficult, or even impossible. Currently, only the most experienced surgeons are able to repair open wounds of the leg. Nevertheless, several reliable and simple techniques are currently available. This work aimed to evaluate repair techniques for leg wounds by using local tissues. METHOD: The authors performed a retrospective study of cases of leg reconstruction using local flaps. Dermoadipose, fasciocutaneous, fasciosubcutaneous, and muscle flaps were used. RESULTS: Seventy patients who had open areas in the leg due to tibial fractures, osteomyelitis, ischemic tissue loss, chronic ulcer, or skin tumor underwent surgery. Results were evaluated according to etiology, type of surgical procedure, and complications. CONCLUSIONS: The option of treating open wounds of the lower limbs by using local flaps is very valid. Selection of the flap type depended on local conditions in the leg, and the anatomical region affected. In the upper third of the leg, we used fasciocutaneous flaps, based on the vascular network of the knee, or gastrocnemius flaps. In the middle third of the leg, we used the soleus muscle as the primary flap, and fasciosubcutaneous flaps in the calf region. In the lower third of the leg, a fasciosubcutaneous flap of the calf was primarily used.
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Humans , Female , Adult , History, 21st Century , Wounds and Injuries , Medical Records , Retrospective Studies , Muscle, Skeletal , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Evaluation Study , Lower Extremity , Subcutaneous Tissue , Perforator Flap , Leg , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Medical Records/standards , Muscle, Skeletal/surgery , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Lower Extremity/surgery , Subcutaneous Tissue/anatomy & histology , Subcutaneous Tissue/surgery , Subcutaneous Tissue/injuries , Perforator Flap/surgery , Leg/surgery , Leg/pathologyABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were therefore to characterize the degeneration and regeneration of nerves to the calf muscles after selective neurectomy, both macroscopically and microscopically, and to determine the incidence of such regeneration in a rabbit model. Seventy four New Zealand white rabbits were used. Selective neurectomy to the triceps surae muscles was performed, and the muscles were subsequently harvested and weighed 1-4 months postneurectomy. The gastrocnemius muscles were stained with Sihler's solution to enable the macroscopic observation of any nerve regeneration that may have occurred subsequent to neurectomy. The change in triceps surae muscle weight was measured along the time course of the experiment. After neurectomy, nerve degeneration was followed by regeneration in all cases. The weight of the triceps surae muscle decreased dramatically between completion of the neurectomy and 1 month postneurectomy, but increased thereafter. The nerve branches were weakly stained with Sihler's solution until 2 months postneurectomy, and then strongly stained after 3 months. The number of myelinated axons was decreased at 2 month after neurectomy compared to nonneurectomized controls, but then gradually increased thereafter. Although there are currently no reports on the incidence of recovery after calf reduction, it may be a very common occurrence in the clinical field based on our findings. The findings of this study provide fundamental anatomical and surgical information to aid planning and practice in calf-reduction surgery.